Why Coastal Access Is Worth More Than Gold
In honor of the 50th anniversary of the California Coastal Act, SURFER reflects on the growing global fight to protect public beach access.
The story begins in Hawaiʻi, where a neighborhood surf crew lost a longtime unofficial shortcut to the beach after a fence was suddenly installed. The access point had been a gathering spot that saved time and built community. Its closure served as a reminder of how fragile coastal access can be.
In places like California and Hawaiʻi, public access to beaches was secured through major legal battles against developers and wealthy landowners. But the fight continues. Around the world — from Mexico and El Salvador to Maine and New Hampshire — private buyers are purchasing large stretches of coastline and restricting public entry.
The article points to high-profile cases, including Mark Zuckerberg expanding his estate on Kauaʻi, as examples of how quickly access and local housing dynamics can change. Rising luxury real estate, corporate ownership, Airbnb, and remote work have further pushed locals — surfers, fishermen, and longtime residents — out of once-vibrant beach towns.
While beachfront property is a status symbol, many of these homes sit empty for much of the year. Critics argue that public access benefits everyone, while private control often serves only a few. Still, the article acknowledges exceptions, such as conservation efforts led by figures like Douglas Tompkins and Yvon Chouinard, who purchased land in South America to turn into national parks.
The piece also references exclusive areas like Hollister Ranch, noting the tension between protecting nature and limiting public access.
Ultimately, the article argues that beaches and oceans are therapeutic, culturally vital spaces that should remain open to all. Coastal access reduces inequality, preserves community identity, and protects the spirit of surf culture. The message is clear: access to the ocean is precious — and it must be defended.